Most of our public parks, buildings without basements, and camp grounds have tornado shelters. These buildings are nothing more than concrete block structures with the cores poured full with re-bar running up through them. A poured ceiling is then added before the roof is put on. These are commonly eight inch blocks.
I have seen what the heat ratings are for filled block walls, but I can't remember what it is. I know it is very high. Many of our older homes have cisterns, which are nothing more than what I described. Many of these have been cleaned out, had doors added, and they are now used for storage. Following home fires most of the items in these rooms are undamaged.
TAB
The building of a bank vault is not rocket science. Once you have the good door assembly it is nothing more than lots of steel and ready mix. The additives and strength specs are nothing more than picking and choosing what you want. However, for a home vault or safe room this is no more complex than building a trap house at the range ... A project we just completed.