In a Glock, the difference between octagonal and polygonal, is the shape, and the twist, but the shape is what makes the big difference. The octagonal, are square shaped lands and grooves, like 99% of the barrels on the planet, the polygonal rifling, has rounded lands and grooves, if you own a Glock, pull out or just open the slide and with a good backlight, look through the barrel:
, you will see the difference. The polygonal rifling allows for less friction on a jacketed bullet, but still with good engraving on the projectile, it also allows soft bullets, ( lead ) to kind of skate through the bore, skipping through the rifling, rather than engraving. This skipping, leaves deposits, heavier than normal.
Yankee fist, then why are there 2 terms?? Geometry does not equal reality sometimes.