Source: Gun Control and Gun Rights by McClurg, Kopel, Denning, 2002. (abbreviated: GC&GR)
Here's the problem:
1) The Constitution declares itself the law of the land. The states agreed to it and the amendments.
2) A bad SCOTUS decision declared that the Federal Constitution doesn't apply to state action. This is bad because it contradicts the agreement in #1. (Barron v. Baltimore, 32 US 243 (1833)).
This is really important because it contradicts #1. It left the states free to violate ANY right in the Federal Constitution. Somehow, the Founding Fathers meant for this to happen--something with which I do not agree because the functional result is that there are no rights--only laws. GC&GR page 156.
We are now in a situation where we have multiple layers of law and a patchwork of gun laws that are frequently contradictory. There is no RKBA, except in state constitutions. Even then, individual states have laws that violate their own constitutions.
3) 1868: 14th Amendment ratified. This challenges the notion of #2, but SCOTUS has never accepted that the privileges or immunities clause was intended to prevent states from violating the Bill of Rights. However, SCOTUS has ruled that most rights contained in the Bill of Rights do limit state action...but on a one-by-one basis. SCOTUS uses a process called "selective incorporation" which evaluates rights as "sufficiently fundamental" to be included in due process of law. GC&GR page 157.
Smells like bullshit to me. See #1.
The net result: the SECOND Amendment to the Constitution has NOT been incorporated into the 14th Amendment AND states can pass any law they want regarding guns.
Additionally, as mentioned before, many states have RKBA, but pass laws that violate the RKBA defined in the state consitution.
Mr. Burress violated a law that violates #1. A quick scan of the New York state constitution doesn't reveal an RKBA.
In my opinion, the Sullivan law is no law at all because it violates the Federal Constitution. Additionally, Barron v. Baltimore is a bad ruling and should be removed. But, my opinion doesn't matter and Mr. Burress is going to go on trial and will probably get prison time.
I believe that there should be a hierarchy of Constitutions. The Federal Constitution should be at the top. Any lower level constitution should be no more restrictive, but can enumerate additional rights. However, we currently do not have this system (even though the states agreed to it). Those in power have worked very hard over the centuries to ensure that we don't have this system and that the Federal Constitution is neutered in the way that is most advantageous to maintaining power.