Yes Tex, it can cause an AD, or make it go full auto. On a 1911, after a trigger job, the smithy should warn you never to drop the slide on a empty chamber, without keeping the trigger pulled back to engage the disconnector, not only to prevent an AD, but to protect the trigger job, pull weights in the 3.5 lb + range won't really suffer from this, but under that, the sear will beat itself up against the hammer hooks.
Striker fired guns can do it too, although it is tougher, I will say again as it's been a long time since this was discussed, on a Glock, do not remove ANY metal from the bottom of the striker, or doubling or tripling or worse can occur.
When the slide is released with a round in the magazine it slows down the slide and that's why it may happen in dry fire or just slide cycling, but not when when actually shooting.