Are most brands interchangable?
yes, in general, parts from different vendors are inter-changeable (see below). That's why the AR platform is sometimes referred to as the Swiss Army knife rifle - many of the parts are interchangeable, especially the externals. The bolt and carrier are the only things besides the barrel that may change with the caliber change - unless you go to the really big bores like .308. With the 6.x, the magazine followers will change too. There are also small differences where you might not expect them, such as civilian vs. military mounts for stocks and buffer tubes.
But a huge cottage industry has been set up feeding the AR mania, selling everything from BUIS (back-up iron sights) to little rubber strips that cover rails to make them smoother and more comfortable to hold to magazine followers to ambidextrous safeties - all after-market.
Study up, search the internet, take
everything with a grain of salt - lots of self-appointed "experts" out there. Read, read some more, ask questions - like here - especially when you read where 2 authors say different things about the same subject. It helps if you have an idea of what you want - 5.56, 6.x, .50 Beowulf, .50 BMG, .270, .22 - whatever. Then pursue it and drill down while keeping an eye on the big pictue too.
Most of all, for heaven's sake,
have fun!!