Forgot to add one of the best cartridges ever.
The Swedish Mauser 6.5x55 developed in 1891. Older than the 30-30, 7x57, 30.06, and .45 auto. The original 8mm Mauser I think predates it by a couple of years, but the I think the 8mm was changed not unlike the .30-03 became the 06 we all know. The 6.5 will take virtually anything in North America and much of what the rest of the world has to offer. It's paper ballistics belie what it is readly capable of doing. It is truly a great cartridge with little recoil, phoenominal penetration, and outstanding accuracy.