In years past, FBI extensively tested rounds with penetration and consistency of shape for glass and car doors. The physics of tempered glass come down to speed. The faster the fps, the less the shockwave will shatter the surrounding glass.
Believe it or not the 9mm was the original cartridge for this. RUAG Int. still has a cryptic website but specializes in this stuff.
http://www.army-technology.com/contractors/ammunition/ruag/Plus other FBI testing:
Test Event 6: Automobile Glass One piece of A.S.I. one-quarter inch laminated automobile safety glass measuring 15x18 inches is set at an angle of 45° to the horizontal. The line of bore of the weapon is offset 15° to the side, resulting in a compound angle of impact for the bullet upon the glass. The gelatin block is covered with Light Clothing and placed 18 inches behind the glass. The shot is made at a distance of ten feet, measured from the muzzle to the center of the glass pane. This test event with its two angles simulates a shot taken at the driver of a car from the left front quarter of the vehicle, and not directly in front of it.
http://www.greent.com/40Page/general/fbitest.htmAlso covers light/heavy clothing. Steel, Body Armor, etc,...
OK, here's my question. Why does your question leave me wanting to ask more questions??? Welcome to DRTV, IdeaMan. Keep an eye out for black helicopters too...