JNevis raises a great point. The mathematics and maneuverability required to actually land on something like an asteroid would open the door (coupled with an advanced propulsion system ) to actual Sci Fi style navigation (Astrogation ).
Here are 3 things to think about, and comment on. (FQ, This means YOU

)
1 - Besides the physical benefits of new materials and technologies, "the space program" provides a horizon for the the dreamers and adventurers. The entire "age of exploration" took place because humanity is like a gas or virus, it spreads to fill the available space, and the best method of assuring survival of the "tribe" is by dispersal to other "host bodies". There are people who just need to know what's over the next hill. I actually blame the stagnation of America on the loss of "New Frontiers" to explore.
2 - Water Borne Trade started with floating down the Nile , it spread to the Mediterranean, Traders and Captains wanted greater range and speed. This lead them first, across the Med itself, then, into, and eventually across the Atlantic.
The basic lesson seems to be that trade spreads. In order to continue to grow industry needs to continuously open new markets. There are darn few if any new markets left on the planet. An organism like humanity can only do 3 things , Grow, Stagnate,(which will lead to decline and death) or die. Trade is the same way so in order to continue on our accustomed path we need to begin planting consuming colonies either under the sea (which is good practice for Space ) Or in Space
3 - Should Govt fund the space program ? I have to say less, I think that modern technologies and materials make it time to remove the "burden" from Govt. and pure Science and hand it over to private funds and industry.
I get far more thrill from a project like "Space Ship One" than I do another Shuttle launch.