I am mildly surprised that no one has said it yet, but I will: Never fire a cartridge in a firearm for which it is not chambered. Safety first, scouts. Regarding the 10mm Auto versus the .40 S&W, there was, once upon a time, the Peters-Stahl multi-caliber conversion pistol with dual extractors that provided strong enough tension for proper headspacing to switch calibers. These units though never caught on. There is also the interesting S&W 610 revolver that, per the manual, can use .40 S&W cartridges because the moon clips help provide proper headspacing. Other than these two examples, don't do it. Inspect your brass and finished cartridges when reloading.