And the answer is, the Mauser action has a VERY, large extractor. Fully 1/4 of the rim diameter, even in a loose fit such as the .308 in a 25/06 chamber, the extractor will hold the case head close enough for the firing pin to hit with sufficient force to detonate the primer. The projectile has sufficient resistance that every thing behind it is the weakest link. I will admit that this is the worst one I've seen to date.
Anyone shot a 9mm in a .40 caliber Glock, it will go bang, and rattle down the barrel, and not eject from the loss of power to cycle the slide, cases look awful funny too, but they go bang because of the extractor, keeps the smaller case against the breech, sufficient for combustion.