Read an article many years ago, in Mother Earth News perhaps, about building cement houses...in the desert. a good sized cement basement with upper floor of cement also..not sure if it was poured or blocks...but they then put a thickish coating of polyurethane on the outside of the cement walls.
What his did is allow the cool underground temps, say 55 degrees, to "wick" up into the interior walls, keeping the whole house relatively cool. The polyurethane on the outside acted as insulation, keeping the heat out.
The polyurethane also allowed a finish like stucco to be applied as it acted as an "expansion" buffer between the finish and the cement walls.
Since the underground temps stay at a fairly constant 55 degrees or so, even in northern climates, it might have the same benefits in cold weather also.