Sorry to "wet blanket" this but there's not much to figure out, really.
Clever camera angles, good editing, and a gullible public is all that's required. This particular video was part of a series put out by the Rochester Institute of Technology to promote interest in "scientific" weirdness in hopes it would pique an interest in real science.
The so-called Escherian staircase was named for a Dutch artist (Escher) who used clever shading and angles to draw plausible but impossible forms. (See the Penrose Stairway and the Necker Cube as illustrations.)
It is simply a next step in graphic optical illusions.
Crusader Rabbit