The average decibel of noise from a gun shot is 146 db, more than enough to cause permanent damage to your hearing. Repeated exposure will futher damage the hearing and is not repairable. Similar to back injury, loss of hearing is cumulative.
The speed of sound is approximately 1132 ft per/second and most 9 mm ammo exceeds that muzzle speed. Since the timing of the explosion so closely matches the timing of the projectile leaving the barrel, I doubt it matters much. My .45 at 850 fps sounds just as loud as my 9 mm at 1250. Without precise timing instruments and db meters, you probably can't tell the difference.
Indoors, with the echo off the walls, a gunshot will definately sound louder than it does out of doors.