http://volokh.com/archives/archive_2009_08_16-2009_08_22.shtml#1250794427Last week, the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals decided a case involving
the Cicero, Illinois, gun registration ordinance. Full coverage of the
decision is available in an [1]article for CBS News, by Declan
McCullagh. (And be sure to check out Declan's new [2]Taking Liberties
weblog.) The decision is written by Supreme Court short-list Judge
Diane Wood.
The Wood opinion first cites circuit precedent, accurately, for the
fact that the Second Amendment is not incorporated in the Seventh
Circuit. The decision goes on, however, to declare that the Second
Amendment would not be violated even if it did apply. That portion of
the decision has very little reasoning; it simply says that Cicero
(unlike D.C., in Heller) does not ban guns. Ergo, the Cicero
registration law is constitutional.
The Wood opinion quotes some language from Heller, which provided a
non-exhaustive list of presumptively constitutional gun control laws.
Yet this list, to the extent that it is relevant, cuts against the
Cicero ordinance. Included in the Heller list are: "laws imposing
conditions and qualifications on the commercial sale of arms." This
would suggest that the gun registration system created by the federal
Gun Control Act of 1968 would probably be upheld. The gun is
registered at the time of sale, and the registration paperwork (the
federal 4473 forms) must be retained by the dealer. The forms are
available to law enforcement, without need for a warrant, in the
course of bona fide criminal investigations. The 1968 GCA was a
compromise; it created registration (which was the primary objective
of gun control advocates at the time) but had the registration records
maintained in decentralized locations (at the dealers) rather than
consolidated by the federal government (since Second Amendment
advocates worried that centralized registration might one day be
abused in order to implement gun confiscation, [3]as it had been under
Nazis).
Cicero's ordinance, however, goes far beyond registration of
"commercial sale," and requires that anyone who simply possesses a gun
must re-register it every two years. Accordingly, the Cicero ordinance
is not within the scope of Heller's presumptively constitutional laws.
The Wood court, if it wanted to provide dicta about the
constitutionality of registration, should have provided some legal
analysis, rather than merely asserting that the Cicero ordinance was
constitutional. (The CBS article explains some other features of the
Cicero law; the ban on laser scopes strikes me as almost certainly
unconstitutional, and the ban on slingshots seems dubious.)
A second issue in the news has been the fact that when President Obama
spoke at the Phoenix Convention Center recently, several protestors on
the sidewalk outside the center carried firearms openly, as is lawful
in Arizona. I've been the Phoenix Convention Center, which is immense.
There is no possibility that a person with a gun outside the Center
could pose the slightest threat to a person speaking in one of the
rooms inside the Center. The White House, commendably, said that the
President had no objection to the protesters. However, I think that
the protesters probably hurt, rather than helped, the Second Amendment
cause. This [4]article in the Christian Science Monitor quotes me to
that effect. I did an iVoices.org podcast on the topic, to which I
will provide a link when it is uploaded.
Finally, shame on MSNBC for dishonestly injecting racism into the
controversy, and claiming that the gun carrying may have had "racial
overtones." Actually, as Newsbusters has [5]pointed out, the black
rifle was being carried by a black man.
References
1.
http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/08/19/taking_liberties/entry5253857.shtml?tag=contentMain;contentBody 2.
http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/08/19/taking_liberties/entry5250967.shtml 3.
http://www.stephenhalbrook.com/law_review_articles/Halbrook_macro_final_3_29.pdf 4.
http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0819/p02s01-ussc.html 5.
http://newsbusters.org/blogs/kyle-drennen/2009/08/18/msnbc-no-mention-black-gun-owner-among-racist-protesters